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Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase
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acyl-CoA acyl-ACP(plastid) |
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CoA ACP(plastid) |
glycerol-3-phosphate |
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1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate |
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Comments: |
sn-1-GPAT: Commonly known as GPAT. Membrane and storage lipids. Plastid, soluble. ER, other membranes? |
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acyl-CoA |
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CoA |
glycerol-3-phosphate |
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2-acylglycerol-3-phosphate (suberin) 2-monoacylglycerol (cutin) |
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Comments: |
sn-2-GPAT: Cutin and Suberin Pathways |
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Locus Data & Links (May need to scroll right or left to show columns)
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sn-2-GPAT4
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Plasma / ER?
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Mutant Char.; Phosphatase activity in vitro detected in plasma membrane proteomics
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4 Refs
Zheng, Z., Xia, Q., Dauk, M., Shen, W., Selvaraj, G., and Zou, J. (2003). Arabidopsis AtGPAT1, a member of the membrane-bound glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gene family, is essential for tapetum differentiation and male fertility. Plant Cell 15 , 1872-1887.Li, Y., Beisson, F., Koo, A.J., Molina, I., Pollard, M., and Ohlrogge, J. (2007). Identification of acyltransferases required for cutin biosynthesis and production of cutin with suberin-like monomers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104 , 18339-18344.Yang, W., Pollard, M., Li-Beisson, Y., Beisson, F., Feig, M., and Ohlrogge, J. (2010). A distinct type of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase with sn-2 preference and phosphatase activity producing 2-monoacylglycerol. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107 , 12040-12045.Yang, W., Simpson, J.P., Li-Beisson, Y., Beisson, F., Pollard, M., and Ohlrogge, J.B. (2012). A land-plant-specific glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family in Arabidopsis: substrate specificity, sn-2 preference, and evolution. Plant Physiol. 160 , 638-652.
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Acyl acceptor could be glycerol-3-phosphate or glycerol. Has also phosphatase activity in vitro
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Data
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GPAT2
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Mitochondria
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Mutant Char.; Seq. Similarity
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2 Refs
Zheng, Z., Xia, Q., Dauk, M., Shen, W., Selvaraj, G., and Zou, J. (2003). Arabidopsis AtGPAT1, a member of the membrane-bound glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gene family, is essential for tapetum differentiation and male fertility. Plant Cell 15 , 1872-1887.Yang, W., Simpson, J.P., Li-Beisson, Y., Beisson, F., Pollard, M., and Ohlrogge, J.B. (2012). A land-plant-specific glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family in Arabidopsis: substrate specificity, sn-2 preference, and evolution. Plant Physiol. 160 , 638-652.
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No in vitro activity detected
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Data
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sn-2-GPAT1
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Mitochondria (in vitro import and western blot on subcellular fractions) and Endomembrane
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Mutant Char.; Heterol Exp'n.
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2 Refs
Zheng, Z., Xia, Q., Dauk, M., Shen, W., Selvaraj, G., and Zou, J. (2003). Arabidopsis AtGPAT1, a member of the membrane-bound glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gene family, is essential for tapetum differentiation and male fertility. Plant Cell 15 , 1872-1887.Yang, W., Simpson, J.P., Li-Beisson, Y., Beisson, F., Pollard, M., and Ohlrogge, J.B. (2012). A land-plant-specific glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family in Arabidopsis: substrate specificity, sn-2 preference, and evolution. Plant Physiol. 160 , 638-652.
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Has in vitro sn-2 acyltransferase but no phosphatase activity. Not only in mitochondria but also in endomembranes. Fertility phenotype in mutant. GPAT1, an isozyme with uncertain function but for tapetum and anther development (Zheng et al., 2003; Li et al., 2012)
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Data
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ATS1 / ACT1
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Plastid
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Mutant Char.; Heterol Exp'n.
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3 Refs
Kunst, L., Browse, J., and Somerville, C. (1988). Altered regulation of lipid biosynthesis in a mutant of Arabidopsis deficient in chloroplast glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85 , 4143-4147.Xu, C., Yu, B., Cornish, A.J., Froehlich, J.E., Benning, C. (2006). Phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis in chloroplasts of Arabidopsis mutants deficient in acyl-ACP glycerol-3- phosphate acyltransferase. Plant J. 47 ,296-309.Nishida, I., Tasaka, Y., Shiraishi, H., and Murata, N. (1993). THE GENE AND THE RNA FOR THE PRECURSOR TO THE PLASTID-LOCATED GLYCEROL-3-PHOSPHATE ACYLTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA. Plant Molecular Biology 21 , 267-277.
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Originally isolated point mutants are leaky, allowing synthesis of PG through the prokaryotic pathway, whereas TDNA insertion loss of function mutations are embryo lethal
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Data
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sn-2-GPAT6
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Plasma / ER?
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Mutant Char.; Heterol Exp'n.; in-planta Overexp'n.
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5 Refs
Li-Beisson, Y., Pollard, M., Sauveplane, V., Pinot, F., Ohlrogge, J., and Beisson, F. (2009). Nanoridges that characterize the surface morphology of flowers require the synthesis of cutin polyester. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106 , 22008-22013.Zheng, Z., Xia, Q., Dauk, M., Shen, W., Selvaraj, G., and Zou, J. (2003). Arabidopsis AtGPAT1, a member of the membrane-bound glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gene family, is essential for tapetum differentiation and male fertility. Plant Cell 15 , 1872-1887.Yang, W., Pollard, M., Li-Beisson, Y., Beisson, F., Feig, M., and Ohlrogge, J. (2010). A distinct type of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase with sn-2 preference and phosphatase activity producing 2-monoacylglycerol. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107 , 12040-12045.Li, X.C., Zhu, J., Yang, J., Zhang, G.R., Xing, W.F., Zhang, S., and Yang, Z.N. (2012). Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 6 (GPAT6) is important for tapetum development in Arabidopsis and plays multiple roles in plant fertility. Mol Plant. 5 , 131-142.Yang, W., Simpson, J.P., Li-Beisson, Y., Beisson, F., Pollard, M., and Ohlrogge, J.B. (2012). A land-plant-specific glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family in Arabidopsis: substrate specificity, sn-2 preference, and evolution. Plant Physiol. 160 , 638-652.
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Has also phosphatase activity in vitro
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Data
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sn-2-GPAT5
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Endoplasmic reticulum?
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Mutant Char.; Heterol Exp'n.; in-planta Overexp'n.
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3 Refs
Beisson, F., Li, Y.H., Bonaventure, G., Pollard, M., and Ohlrogge, J.B. (2007). The acyltransferase GPAT5 is required for the synthesis of suberin in seed coat and root of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 19 , 351-368.Li, Y.H., Beisson, F., Ohlrogge, J., and Pollard, M. (2007b). Monoacylglycerols are components of root waxes and can be produced in the aerial cuticle by ectopic expression of a suberin-associated acyltransferase. Plant Physiol. 144 , 1267â-1277.Yang, W., Pollard, M., Li-Beisson, Y., Beisson, F., Feig, M., and Ohlrogge, J. (2010). A distinct type of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase with sn-2 preference and phosphatase activity producing 2-monoacylglycerol. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107 , 12040-12045.
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Mutant deficient in suberin aliphatic monomers. Increased sensitivity to salt. Increased seed coat permeability.
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Data
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sn-2-GPAT8
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Plasma / ER?
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Mutant Char.; Heterol Exp'n.; in-planta Overexp'n.
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5 Refs
Zheng, Z., Xia, Q., Dauk, M., Shen, W., Selvaraj, G., and Zou, J. (2003). Arabidopsis AtGPAT1, a member of the membrane-bound glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gene family, is essential for tapetum differentiation and male fertility. Plant Cell 15 , 1872-1887.Li, Y., Beisson, F., Koo, A.J., Molina, I., Pollard, M., and Ohlrogge, J. (2007). Identification of acyltransferases required for cutin biosynthesis and production of cutin with suberin-like monomers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104 , 18339-18344.Gidda, S.K., Shockey, J.M., Rothstein, S.J., Dyer, J.M., and Mullen, R.T. (2009). Arabidopsis thaliana GPAT8 and GPAT9 are localized to the ER and possess distinct ER retrieval signals: Functional divergence of the dilysine ER retrieval motif in plant cells. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 47 , 867-879.Yang, W., Pollard, M., Li-Beisson, Y., Beisson, F., Feig, M., and Ohlrogge, J. (2010). A distinct type of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase with sn-2 preference and phosphatase activity producing 2-monoacylglycerol. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107 , 12040-12045.Yang, W., Simpson, J.P., Li-Beisson, Y., Beisson, F., Pollard, M., and Ohlrogge, J.B. (2012). A land-plant-specific glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family in Arabidopsis: substrate specificity, sn-2 preference, and evolution. Plant Physiol. 160 , 638-652.
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Has also phosphatase activity in vitro
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Data
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GPAT3
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Mitochondria
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Mutant Char.; Seq. Similarity
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2 Refs
Zheng, Z., Xia, Q., Dauk, M., Shen, W., Selvaraj, G., and Zou, J. (2003). Arabidopsis AtGPAT1, a member of the membrane-bound glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gene family, is essential for tapetum differentiation and male fertility. Plant Cell 15 , 1872-1887.Yang, W., Simpson, J.P., Li-Beisson, Y., Beisson, F., Pollard, M., and Ohlrogge, J.B. (2012). A land-plant-specific glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family in Arabidopsis: substrate specificity, sn-2 preference, and evolution. Plant Physiol. 160 , 638-652.
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No in vitro activity detected
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Data
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sn-2-GPAT7
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Endoplasmic reticulum?
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Mutant Char.; Seq. Similarity
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2 Refs
Beisson, F., Li, Y.H., Bonaventure, G., Pollard, M., and Ohlrogge, J.B. (2007). The acyltransferase GPAT5 is required for the synthesis of suberin in seed coat and root of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 19 , 351-368.Yang, W., Simpson, J.P., Li-Beisson, Y., Beisson, F., Pollard, M., and Ohlrogge, J.B. (2012). A land-plant-specific glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family in Arabidopsis: substrate specificity, sn-2 preference, and evolution. Plant Physiol. 160 , 638-652.
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GPAT9? (mammalian homologue)
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Endomembrane
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Seq. Similarity
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2 Refs
Cao, J.S., Li, J.L., Li, D.M., Tobin, J.F., and Gimeno, R.E. (2006). Molecular identification of microsomal acyl-CoA:glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, a key enzyme in de novo triacylglycerol synthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103 , 19695-19700.Gidda, S.K., Shockey, J.M., Rothstein, S.J., Dyer, J.M., and Mullen, R.T. (2009). Arabidopsis thaliana GPAT8 and GPAT9 are localized to the ER and possess distinct ER retrieval signals: Functional divergence of the dilysine ER retrieval motif in plant cells. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 47 , 867-879.
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Seq. Similarity to mammalian ER localised GPAT
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Data
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