Fatty Acid Synthesis
Legend: The plastidial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex generates acetyl-coenzyme A that is used as a building block for fatty acid production. Fatty acids are grown by sequential condensation of two-carbon units by enzymes of the fatty acid synthase complex. During each cycle four reactions occur: condensation, reduction, dehydration and reduction. Acyl carrier protein is a cofactor in all reactions. Synthesis of a C16 fatty acid requires that the cycle be repeated seven times. During the first turn of the cycle, the condensation reaction is catalyzed by ketoacyl-ACP synthase (KAS) III. For the next six turns of the cycle, the condensation reaction is catalyzed by isoform I of KAS. Finally, KAS II is used during the conversion of 16:0 to 18:0.
Abbreviations: ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase; ACP, acyl carrier protein; BC, biotin carboxylase; BCCP, biotin carboxyl carrier protein; CT, carboxyltransferase; DHLAT, dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase; ER, enoyl-ACP reductase; HACPS, holo-ACP synthase; HAD, hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydrase; KAR, ketoacyl-ACP reductase; KAS, ketoacyl-ACP synthase; LPD, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase; LS, lipoate synthase; LT, lipoyltransferase; MCMT, malonyl-CoA: ACP malonyltransferase; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase; PDHC, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
Contributors: Sébastien Baud
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ARABIDOPSIS
ACYL-LIPID METABOLISM
PATHWAYS
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Acyl-Lipid Chapter link: Fatty Acid Synthesis and Export
FAS
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