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Legend: The eukaryotic galactolipid and sulfolipid pathway differs from its prokaryotic version with regards to the DAG backbone which is derived from eukaryotic PC and is characterized by a C18 acyl chain in the sn-2 position as well as C16:0 at the sn-1 position in some cases. The exact route and identity of the transported lipid moiety(ies) from the ER is still unknown, yet several possibilities have been discussed: DAG precursors are transported into the plastid involving TGD1, a permease-like protein of the inner chloroplast envelope. Other possibilities involve transport of PC to the chloroplast where it is then either dephosphorylated by a non-specific phospholipase C (nsPLC) to DAG, or first hydrolyzed to PA by phospholipase D (PLDζ) and then dephosphorylated to DAG by PA phosphatase (PP). Instead of a direct transport, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), generated by the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) has also been suggested as possible intermediate for PC transport into the chloroplast where acylation by the lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) would revert it to PC. Starting from DAG, the prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathways share the same activities, but which are sometimes encoded by an extra/different set of genes (see text). Note that when a C16:0 acyl chain is present at the sn-1 position, it is not desatured.
Eukaryotic Galactolipid & Sulfolipid Synthesis
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