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Legend: PGP is dephosphorylated by the PGP phosphatase (PGPP) to phosphatidylglycerol (PG), which is subjected to several desaturation steps. The relevant fatty acid desaturases (FADs) insert cis (or transD3 for 16:0 at the sn-2 position of PG) double bonds at specific sites in the acyl groups at the sn-1 or sn-2 position. The monogalactosyldiacylglycerol transferase (MGDGS) transfers a galactose moiety from UDP-galactose to DAG, thus generating monogalactosyldiacylglycerol. A small proportion of this MGDG is subsequently glycolsylated by the also UDP-galactose dependent digalactoslydiacylglycerol synthase (DGDGS) to digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) carrying two galactose molecules in its headgroup. Both MGDG and DGDG acyl chains are also characterised by a high degree of desaturation introduced by the various FAD (Fatty Acid Desaturase) enzymes. The first step of sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) synthesis is performed by the UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP), which catalyzes the formation of UDP-glucose from glucose-1-phosphate and UTP (UGP3Glc1P), UDP-Sulfoquinovose Synthase (SQS) then condensates UDP-Glucose with sulfite to generate UDP 6-sulfoquinovosyl, which is then transferred by the sulfolipid synthase (SLS) on to DAG to serve as sugar donor for the headgroup. Again, the acyl chains in SQDG are desaturated by the various FAD enzymes.
Prokaryotic Galactolipid, Sulfolipid, & Phospholipid Synthesis 2
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